Winter can be a challenging time for succulents, but with proper care, these resilient plants can survive—and even thrive. Understanding how succulents react to colder conditions, whether indoors or outdoors, is the key to their success. Here’s everything you need to know to keep your succulents happy through winter.
I – Understanding Dormancy
During winter, many succulents enter dormancy—a natural survival mechanism that slows down growth to conserve energy. Dormant succulents require less water and nutrients, making overwatering a common mistake during this period. However, not all succulents follow the same dormancy pattern:
- Winter-Dormant Succulents: Echeveria, Jade (Crassula), and Aloe are examples of succulents that rest in winter and need minimal care.
- Winter-Active Succulents: Some, like Kalanchoe and Haworthia, continue growing and may require slightly more attention.
Tip: Research your specific succulent’s dormancy schedule to adjust watering, lighting, and temperature accordingly.
II – Indoor vs. Outdoor: How Cold Is Too Cold?
Cold weather affects succulents differently based on their type and environment. Soft succulents thrive indoors during winter, while hardy succulents can tolerate outdoor conditions in colder climates with proper precautions.
How Cold Is Too Cold?
- Soft Succulents: These plants, like Echeveria and Aloe, cannot tolerate frost. Bring them indoors if temperatures drop below 40°F (4°C).
- Hardy Succulents: Sempervivum and Sedum can survive frost and even snow, enduring temperatures as low as 20°F (-6°C) with protection like frost cloth.
Indoor Care Tips:
- Place succulents near bright windows with indirect sunlight.
- Use grow lights if natural light is limited.
- Keep temperatures between 60-75°F (15-24°C).
Outdoor Care Tips:
- Cover outdoor succulents with frost cloth during freezing temperatures.
- Use mulch around the base to insulate the roots.
- Move potted outdoor succulents to a sheltered spot like a garage or porch.
III – Common Winter Issues and How to Spot and Handle Them
Winter can introduce specific challenges for succulents. Here’s a quick guide to common problems and their solutions:
| Issue | Symptoms | Solution |
| Root Rotting / Overwatering | Yellow, mushy leaves; blackened roots | Water sparingly, only when soil is completely dry. Use well-draining soil and pots with holes. |
| Mold or Fungal Growth | White or gray mold on soil or leaves | Improve airflow with a small fan. Remove affected parts and repot in fresh, dry soil. |
| Stretching (Etiolation) | Succulent becomes leggy, losing compact shape | Move to a brighter location or use a grow light for 10-14 hours daily. |
| Frost Damage | Blackened, mushy leaves | Remove damaged parts and move indoors. Cover outdoor plants with frost cloth to prevent further damage. |
| Pest Infestations | Mealybugs, spider mites, fungus gnats | Isolate the plant and treat with neem oil or insecticidal soap. Avoid overwatering. |
IV – A Guide to Buying Grow Lights
Grow lights can be a game-changer for succulents in winter, providing the light they need when natural sunlight is limited. Here’s what to look for when choosing a grow light:
- Light Type:
- LED Lights: Energy-efficient, long-lasting, and produce minimal heat—ideal for succulents.
- Fluorescent Lights: Affordable but less energy-efficient.
- Full-Spectrum Lights:
Full-spectrum LED grow lights mimic natural sunlight, providing the wavelengths succulents need for photosynthesis. - Brightness and Distance:
Look for lights with adjustable brightness. Place the light 6-12 inches above the plant to prevent burning or stretching. - Timer Function:
Many grow lights come with built-in timers, ensuring succulents receive consistent light (10-14 hours daily). - Recommended Brands:
- Sansi 36W LED Grow Light
- Roleadro Full Spectrum LED Grow Light
- GE Grow Light Bulbs (for smaller setups)
Pro Tip: Avoid cheap, single-color grow lights (e.g., all purple or blue), as they don’t provide the full spectrum of light succulents need.